Table of Contents
Resisting Arrest in New Jersey – N.J.S.A 2C:29-2
Written By:
Adam H. Rosenblum
Being arrested is a frightening prospect. Running away or trying to prevent being restrained are natural reactions that any person would have—especially those who know they are innocent. Unfortunately, doing so is a crime in New Jersey, regardless of whether the arrest was for a crime actually committed.
Resisting arrest in New Jersey is much more serious than most might think. In addition to going to jail, a person will have a criminal record that can make it difficult to get a job and lead a normal life. To find out more about Rosenblum Law’s expert criminal law attorneys, see our page New Jersey Criminal Lawyer.
Resisting vs. Eluding Arrest
Resisting arrest is a criminal offense in New Jersey. Under N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2, a person cannot prevent a police officer from making an arrest. This is true even when the person believes that he or she is being subjected to a wrongful arrest.
Eluding is a subset of Resisting Arrest (2C:29-2b). A person is guilty of eluding police if, while operating a motor vehicle, he/she knowingly attempts to flee or escape police after having received a signal from the officer to stop the vehicle.
Penalties and Fines
The duration of imprisonment, monetary penalties and fines, and the potential impact on one's criminal record will be contingent upon the specifics of the situation and the seriousness of the accusation. A first-time, third-degree offense committed by a young offender will likely receive more lenient treatment than an adult with a prior criminal record facing a second-degree offense.
Consequences for Resisting Arrest
Resisting arrest is a disorderly persons offense, which means a person can face 6 months in jail if found guilty. However, the charge can increase to a fourth-degree crime (felony) if the person resisted arrest by running away from the police (i.e., flight or fleeing). Fleeing police can result in up to 18 months in prison.
Even worse, it is a third-degree crime for anyone to threaten violence against police or create a substantial risk of physical injury to anyone while trying to resist arrest. A conviction for this charge means up to 5 years in prison.
Keep in mind that many acts that are considered Resisting Arrest can result in additional charges, such as Obstruction of Justice (2c:29-1), Hindering (2c:29-3), or Disorderly Conduct (2C:33-2).
Consequences for Eluding Arrest
Eluding—fleeing police in a vehicle—is also a third-degree crime. Most importantly, a person who creates a risk of injury to the police officer or others while eluding can be guilty of a second-degree crime. A conviction for this can lead to up to 10 years in prison.
Consequences for a First Offense
A person with no prior convictions who is charged with Resisting Arrest could potentially avoid jail time, depending on the level of the charge. Fourth-degree Resisting Arrest (running away) carries what is known as a presumption of non-incarceration (PNI). This means a person may not be sentenced to time in prison upon conviction.
However, third-degree Resisting Arrest (involving violence/injury or fleeing in a vehicle) is exempt from PNI. That means, even under the best circumstances, a person can still end up in prison upon conviction.
Likewise, judges are allowed to waive a PNI after considering possible aggravating factors, such as the crime he/she was arrested for, his/her overall demeanor, and the possible risk to the community.
Regardless of whether this is a person’s first offense or if he/she has had run-ins with the law before, it’s best to hire a skilled criminal defense attorney.
Consequences for Juveniles
Police can appear even more intimidating to young kids than they are to adults. A juvenile (under 18) who is being accused of a crime by police might back away out of fear, only to be charged with Resisting Arrest.
If the police do not communicate clearly to the child, he/she may not be aware that he/she is under arrest. As a result, he/she may act defensively when police attempt to restrain him/her. In many ways, these are normal reactions to fear and intimidation, and children should not be punished for natural reactions.
Family Court judges are usually very understanding of children’s emotional states and levels of maturity. However, even the most understanding judge can send a child to a juvenile detention facility even if they were scared at the time of the incident. Fortunately, a skilled criminal defense attorney can be hired to fight the charge on their behalf.
The right attorney can present evidence that weakens the prosecutor’s argument that the child was trying to resist the police, for example. When appropriate, the attorney may also negotiate with prosecutors to reduce the charge to a lesser offense with a lighter penalty.
How To Beat Resisting Arrest Charges
The prosecutor bears the burden of proving a case of Resisting Arrest beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, a typical defense strategy involves arguing that he/she did not meet this burden.
For example, the prosecutor needs to show that it was the defendant’s intention to prevent the arrest from happening. However, if he/she writhed or wiggled around because he/she was scared or in pain as a result of the officer’s actions, there is a strong argument that resisting was not truly intentional.
Additionally, the prosecutor needs to show that the defendant knew he/she was under arrest. If the defendant did not know, then the prosecutor must show that the officer was acting lawfully in the process of arresting the defendant.
If a criminal defense attorney can show that the officer was not acting appropriately or in the scope of his duties, then the defendant has a valid defense to the crime.
Keep in mind that it is NOT a defense that the person being arrested was innocent of the crime in question.
For example, suppose police arrive to arrest a young man accused of shoplifting. He runs away from police but is caught moments later. The young man shows a receipt that he purchased the item legally. Police must drop the shoplifting charge but can still charge (and convict) the young man for Resisting Arrest.
One should not try to handle a case of Resisting Arrest or eluding police on their own. Only a well-trained criminal defense attorney will know what to say and how to reveal the holes that may be present in the prosecutor’s case.
Enrolling in NJ Diversionary Programs
In certain cases, a person can avoid a conviction for Resisting Arrest by enrolling in a diversionary program, such as Pre-Trial Intervention (PTI). In some cases, a person who enrolls in PTI must first plead guilty to the charge. The judge will then assign a program that might include counseling, drug testing, community service and more.
Those who complete the PTI program, which can take up to 3 years, will have the charges dismissed—no conviction, no criminal record. Failure to complete the program means any guilty plea entered stands and the person can be arrested and sentenced. If no plea was required, the case can be brought back to trial.
PTI and other diversionary programs are difficult to get into. Even those who are otherwise eligible may not be accepted. Moreover, there are times when a diversionary program is not the best option. A person should always discuss the option of PTI or another program with his/her attorney to determine the best strategy based on the facts of the case and one’s life.
Expunging a Conviction for Resisting Arrest
New Jersey allows those who meet certain criteria to petition the court to expunge their criminal records. Resisting arrest is one of many offenses that can be removed from a criminal record.
In order to be eligible to file the petition, a person cannot have more than 1 felony conviction (called an indictable offense in NJ) and 3 disorderly persons offenses on the record. Alternatively, a person with no indictable convictions can clear a record if it has no more than 5 disorderly persons offenses.
As such, if a person is charged with fourth- or third-degree Resisting Arrest, then he/she cannot have any other indictable offenses on the record. There are some limited exceptions to this rule. It is best to consult with an attorney to better understand if one is or is not eligible to petition for expungement.
Clean Slate Law
You should also know that New Jersey recently enacted a new clean slate law. It allows a person who has not had a conviction in 10 years and has fulfilled all obligations of past convictions to have their criminal record cleared in full if they meet certain criteria. The law states that a person qualifies if they have been convicted of one or more disorderly persons offenses and/or indictable offenses which are eligible for expungement. Any specific offense on one’s record that is not expungeable, such as murder, sexual assault, and robbery, disqualifies one from the clean slate program. Conversely, it is worth noting that a person who has gotten a conviction expunged in the past is still eligible for a clean slate.
To find out more about the clean slate or expungement in general, please contact one of our attorneys for a free consultation.
Case Law Analysis
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Who Should I Contact?
If you or a loved one is facing charges of Resisting Arrest or eluding in New Jersey, it's important to reach out to the criminal defense attorneys at Rosenblum Law without delay. Statistically, securing legal representation could significantly reduce your penalties and even result in the potential dismissal of your case.
Our experienced team has successfully assisted individuals in similar circumstances. We are dedicated to upholding your constitutional rights and make every effort to have your Resisting Arrest charge reduced or dropped. Furthermore, we employ an array of advanced defense strategies tailored to exploit vulnerabilities in resisting arrest cases. If you're confronting a resisting arrest charge, contact us today via email or call us at 888-815-3649 for a complimentary consultation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What qualifies as Resisting Arrest?
Resisting arrest is defined as any attempt to prevent police from arresting or handcuffing a person. This includes struggling, hiding, or running away. Non-physical acts, such as giving police false or misleading information, can also be considered Resisting Arrest. In addition, threatening police with violence—even if one does not make good on those threats—can be considered resisting.
Is Resisting Arrest a violent crime?
Resisting arrest is not generally considered a violent crime.
Is Resisting Arrest a crime of moral turpitude?
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services states that Resisting Arrest “may constitute a [crime of moral turpitude].” This means a conviction is not a guarantee of deportation, but it is a risk. If any valid U.S. visa holder or permanent legal resident is convicted of this offense, he/she should contact an attorney right away.
What can Resisting Arrest be reduced to?
This will depend on many factors, including the circumstances surrounding the arrest, what the defendant was charged with that lead to the arrest, and his/her criminal history.
Is Resisting Arrest a felony or misdemeanor in New Jersey?
Resisting arrest can be charged as either a disorderly persons offense (akin to a misdemeanor) or an indictable offense (akin to a felony) depending on what acts lead to the charge.
Why is Resisting Arrest illegal?
Resisting arrest makes it difficult for officers to perform their duties and keep the community safe. By making it a separate crime to resist arrest, the state aims to disincentive people from fighting with law enforcement and encourage them to leverage their rights within the criminal justice system, including the right to an attorney.
